Muktu Confirmation
It is a form of confirmation bias
Confirmation bias occurs when people seek out information that confirms their pre-existing beliefs and ignores evidence that contradicts these beliefs. This bias has been shown to influence a variety of decisions, from job recruitment to medical diagnosis. It is especially common in cases where people have deeply entrenched beliefs, such as religious faith or political affiliations.
Various theories have been proposed to explain why people are susceptible to confirmation bias. One theory is that it is an efficient way to process information, as humans cannot take the time to process each piece of data independently and form unbiased conclusions. Another theory is that people show confirmation bias because they are concerned with protecting their self-esteem. If they find that a belief they value is wrong, they may feel that they are not intelligent.
One example of confirmation bias is when someone who supports a politician reads an article that confirms their beliefs about the politician. This can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy where the person’s beliefs influence the outcome of an event.
It is a form of inference bias
The tendency to see a vague and random stimulus as significant. Examples include seeing faces in clouds or the man on the moon and hearing non-existent hidden messages on records played in reverse. It is a type of the appeal to novelty logical fallacy and also related to serial position effect.
The bias plane shows the difference between the normal distribution (black) and a biased one, where the prior probability is flattened when a
It is a form of information bias
Muktu confirmation is a form of information bias where people prefer to process and remember data that confirms their existing beliefs. It also leads them to ignore data that contradicts these beliefs. This happens because of the limited time and energy that humans have to interpret the information they receive.
This bias can be found in many areas of our lives. It is visible in news junkies who only consume media that supports their world view, or in pessimists who focus on the negative aspects of a situation and ignore the positives. It can even be observed in investment decisions, where investors cling to their preconceived notions about particular stocks and neglect any bad news.
Other types of bias include my-side bias, in which people give special treatment to information that reinforces their own views, and scope neglect, in which individuals are insensitive to the size of a problem (e.g., a preference for reducing a small risk to zero over a large reduction). To combat these biases, it is often useful to involve fresh eyes in research planning and analysis.
It is a form of cognitive bias
The confirmation bias is a cognitive bias that causes people to reject challenging evidence and instead seek out information that supports their existing beliefs and decisions. This is a common phenomenon that occurs in all types of decision-making, from evaluating a potential roommate to deciding how much to tip a server. The confirmation bias can also play out in the social sciences, for example in the backfire effect, which is a tendency to strengthen support for an original position when it is confronted with contradictory evidence.
There are a number of ways to reduce the impact of the confirmation bias in yourself and others. These techniques generally revolve around trying to counteract the cognitive mechanisms that promote this bias. This can include maintaining awareness of this bias, making discussions about finding the right answer rather than being proven correct, minimizing the unpleasantness of being wrong, encouraging people to give information sufficient consideration, and asking them to think about reasons why their preferred hypothesis might be wrong or why competing hypotheses could be right.